Studies show that bacteria are
microorganisms that have been found for millions of years on Earth. The term is
used to kill bacteria, a group of unicellular organisms (singular - bacteria)
denote the cell nucleus and organelles lack a bit. There are different types of
bacteria that are in different forms and characteristics. The germs can take
the form of rods, spirals, pearls, and their length can be found measured in
microns.
The bacteria are present in
almost all parts of the world, and they can thrive in a variety of habitats.
You will be surprised to know that certain types of bacteria thrive in hot springs, and also in nuclear waste. The survival of bacteria
on Earth, over the centuries, it is said that due to its prolific breeding.
Although they are
single-celled organisms, they may breed abundantly when the conditions are met.
Like most unicellular organisms, through which most bacteria multiply by binary
fission, which is a type of asexual reproduction. In this case, the same
generations are formed, because the daughter cells of identical cells are only
a clone. Budding is another form of asexual reproduction in bacteria. In
addition, genetic recombination occurs in different types of bacteria, transduction,
transformation and conjugation.
Binary fission
Binary fission is a form of
asexual reproduction, which is common in bacteria. With this type of play, a
parent cell divides into two, forming two daughter cells, the replicas of the
parent company will be. For the binary fission, the bacterial cells to reach a
fixed size. Once they reach this size, each cell generates a replica of the
genetic material and the form of two DNA molecules that bind to the cell
membrane in different places. The cell membrane begins to grow inwardly and
between the two DNA molecules, so as to form two daughter cells clone cells. It
was observed that, under the right conditions, bacteria can double in number by
binary fission, in a short period of about 10 minutes!
Budding
This is another form of
asexual reproduction in bacteria. Some species of bacteria by buds, which is
otherwise known as fragmentation, to reproduce. In this case, the mother cell
forms a bud on one end and the nucleus of the egg, through the process of mitosis.
The bud develops at the same size as the mother cell, which is equal in
magnitude. The bud separates from the mother, forming another organization.
Although the nucleus of the egg is formed by mitosis was observed that,
sometimes, to distinguish the properties of the offspring of the mother.
Although sexual reproduction
is rare in bacteria, in some cases facilitates genetic recombination by
conjugation, transduction or transformation. One of the reasons why bacteria
formed by asexual reproduction is to have the same genetic material and can get
affected by the same antibiotics. Thus helping them to create variations of
genetic recombination in the genetic material of bacteria. The latter category
may be resistant to antibiotics mentioned above or can be adapted to a changing
environment.
In the combination of genetic
material is transferred between bacteria, how bacteria from each other by a
pipe as a pilus. In the case of conversion of DNA is collected from the remains
of dead cells of bacteria. In this case obtained bacterial cells with DNA
attached to dead bacteria, and this DNA is transported through the cell
membrane and incorporated genetic material of live bacteria. For transduction,
genetic material is by bacteriophages (viruses that attack bacterial cells)
transferred. When a bacteriophage to attach to the bacterial cell, it inserts
its genetic material into the bacterial cell. This leads to the formation of
bacteriophage into the bacterial cell reproduces, which opens to the previous
version. The genetic material of these bacterial host cell may, with DNA from
another bacterial cell, which is attacked by this new bacteriophage join.
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